Cross planing machines

Transverse planing machines for metal are designed for external and internal planing with a cutter of various flat, rounded, variously shaped surfaces, pre-fixed on the working table of the machine with the following dimensions:

• 500 mm for machines of the 7305GT, 7305TD model
• 710 mm for machines of model 7307GT, 7307TD

Cross-planing machine, the main working unit of which is the ram, making reciprocating motion in the horizontal plane, performs the following operations with a cutter fixed on a support:

• planing of horizontal and vertical surfaces with cutters complete with stops.
• parallel planes using a rotary table on machines of model 7305TD, 7307TD.
• planing of inclined planes by setting the support at an angle.
• planing, cutting grooves and keyways.
• planing of chamfers using concave, convex cutters.
• planing of non-standard blanks (subject to the use of additional specialized and dividing devices).

The dimensions of the blanks for planing operations are limited by the table dimensions:

• 500x400 mm for machines of the 7305GT, 7305TD model
• 710x450 mm for machines of the 7307GT, 7307TD model

The technological operation of metal planing is a method of planing with a cutter. Planing is mainly performed by supports, which have in their design mechanisms that allow regulating the feed rate of the cutter when installed at a certain cutting depth. On machines of the 7305GT, 7305TD, 7307GT, 7307TD model, a vertical support is installed, providing metal removal in one pass from an area with a cross-section of up to 50 mm. The machines can perform rough, semi-finishing and finishing planing. For planing, it is necessary to install a cutter with a minimum overhang to ensure greater rigidity during the planing of the workpiece. Finishing and semi-finishing planing of horizontal surfaces is performed with small feeds with a rounded top of the working tool. Finishing planing on transverse planing machines should be performed with an allowance of up to 2 mm, thin planing up to 0.35-0.40 mm. Thin planing is performed only with finishing wide cutters, the cutting edge is controlled and finished.

Cross planing machines for metal are used in small-scale production, in repair and procurement areas. These machines have an idle return stroke. Low feed rates are used for processing and, due to the inertia of the ram, the dimensions of the workpieces are limited; longitudinal planing machines are practically not used for serial production of metal parts. While inferior to milling and boring machines in productivity, longitudinal planing machines win in the cheapness of the fixed working tool, in the simplicity of its sharpening and the low cost of the machines themselves. For this reason, such machines are indispensable in repair conditions and when it is necessary to remove welds to form precise profiles in flat and shaped blanks in a minimum number of passes. The machine bed is cast from gray cast iron grade SCH-20, has a rigid and stable design.

The accuracy class of cross-planing machines manufactured according to TU 3817-006-69398252-2015 - H. The machines are used in the placement category UHL-4 according to GOST 15150, upon request and according to a separate technical specification, the machines can be manufactured in a complete set for use in climatic zones T-4, TV-4, TM-4, OM-4.

In what cases is a cross-planing machine not inferior or superior to a milling machine

• In the case of rough machining of group surfaces on identical workpieces, the setup of milling machines is much more labor-intensive than the time spent on servicing planing machines, etc.
• Machining workpieces with a surface crust of rust or scale quickly disables cutters, while the costs of restoring and purchasing milling tools are quite high compared to planing machines
• During planing, the workpiece heats up less intensively, and therefore thermal deformations of the part are insignificant, and accordingly, the accuracy of processing increases.
• Energy costs when planing surfaces are significantly lower than when milling them, as a result of which the power of a planing machine is less than that of a milling machine. Which allows significant savings on energy costs.
• The presence of a mortising head allows for the production of grooves in bushing-type parts.
• Planing machines are cheaper than milling machines, and this is especially justified for small volumes of operations.

Features and description of machines

The design of cross-planing machines allows for the technological operation of planing blanks from ferrous and non-ferrous metals. For this operation, cutters with a cross-section of 32x20 for machine models 7305GT, 7307TD and with a cross-section of 40x25 for machine models 7307GT, 7307TD are used.

The greatest table travel is 530x310 and 710x380, the greatest distance from the support surface of the cutter to the bed (reach) is 560 mm and 800 mm, respectively. On transverse planing machines, the tool makes a reciprocating movement only in the horizontal direction, the workpiece is fixed on the table of the 7305GT, 7307GT models only horizontally, on the 7305TD, 7307TD models, the table is rotary and can move in the horizontal and vertical plane manually, mechanically and accelerated.

When the workpiece installed on the table is heavy, a support bearing is used on the transverse planing machines manufactured by the plant, which fixes the front part of the table. The stand is made of a channel, is installed parallel to the table when the machine is installed on the foundation and has the ability to adjust the height.

Currently, the model range consists of machines of the 7305GT, 7305TD, 7307GT, 7307TD models. All machines are equipped with centralized lubrication units and chip collectors. The models have a generally similar design, differences in dimensions, power and parameters of the workpiece. The main indicators of the most common of them are presented below:

7305GT - The basic model of a cross-planing machine, supplied without a mortising head and a rotary table, is used for processing flat and shaped products made of ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

7305TD - A model of a cross-planing machine with a mortising head, is used for processing flat, shaped, inclined surfaces, cutting grooves and slots in workpieces with a length of no more than 500 mm, this model wins in functionality due to being equipped with a three-position rotary table.

7307GT - The model is equipped with a non-rotary table with 25 feeds with manual, mechanical and accelerated movement, is used for processing workpieces up to 710 mm long with a cutter, for planing grooves and grooves of different shapes and depths, with a 40x25mm cutter. The model is recommended for small-scale production of parts from ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

7307TD - Model of a transverse planing machine with a slotting head, increased to 710 ram stroke and a three-position rotary table compared to previous models, the manufacturer recommends for processing flat and shaped blanks from hard metals, cutting force of 19.6 kN with a machine weight of 2700 kg, with equal power and table speed, it wins in functionality and an increase in the processing area.